1. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)", Article 3, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html; "Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Article 3 (a) and (c), Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

2. "Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Article 2 (a), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

3. "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", Article 6, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/;, "Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Article 2 (b), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

4. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)", Article 7, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Article 14, Accessed February 2009, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm; "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", Article 15, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/;, "Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Article 3 (d), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

5. "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", Article 2, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/;, "Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Article 3 (e), Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

6. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)", Article 2, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Article 3, Accessed February 2009, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm; International Covenant on Economic, Social and cultural Rights (ICESCR) Article 3, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm.

7. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)", Article 23 and 24, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html; "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", Article 11, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/; "Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Article 3 (g), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

8. "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", Article 10, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/.

9. "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", Article 12, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/; Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Article 3 (f), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

10. "General Comment 4," The right to adequate housing (Article 11 (1) of the Covenant), 13 December 1991. UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, UN Doc. (HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 at 53). 1994. Accessed August 2007, http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/. Search "housing."

11. "Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living: Commission on Human Rights resolution 2004/21", 16 April 2004, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Accessed October 2008, http://www.unhabitat.org/downloads/docs/1316_53198_E-CN_4-RES-2004-21.doc.

12. "The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", Article 7 available at http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/; "Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)", Article 21, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Article 25, Accessed February 2009, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm.

13. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", Article 2, Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html;

14. "The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", 1979, United Nations General Assembly. Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/.

15. "The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)", 1979, United Nations General Assembly. Accessed February 2009, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/.

16. "The Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

17. "The Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Accessed February 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/eliminationvaw.htm.

18. "The Declaration on the Right to Development", 1986, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Accessed February 2009, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/74.htm.

19. "Report on Women’s Human Rights in the United States Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)", July 2006, United Nations Human Rights Committee, 45.

20. Attacks by abusers result in more injuries requiring medical treatment than rapes, muggings, and auto accidents combined. E. Stark and A. Flitcraft, "Violence Among Inmates, An Epidemiological Review," Handbook on Family Violence, 1988; Uniform Crime Reports, Special Report: Violence Among Family Members and Intimate Partners, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2003, revised January 2005.

21. "Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey", July 2000, U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Washington, D.C.: Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. Accessed February 2009, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/181867.htm.

22. "Report on Women’s Human Rights in the United States Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)", July 2006, United Nations Human Rights Committee.

23. "Hunger and Homelessness Survey: A Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness in America’s Cities: A 23-City Survey." December 2007, United States Conference of Mayors, Accessed February 2009, http://www.usmayors.org/HHSurvey2007/hhsurvey07.pdf.

24. "Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005". Pub. L. 109-162, 5 Jan. 2006, Stat. 119.2961. Global Legal Information Network. Accessed October 2008, http://www.glin.gov/.

25. "Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation." July 2001, Women, Health, and Development Program, Pan American Health Organization. Accessed February 2009, http://www.paho.org/English/DPM/GPP/GH/trafficking.pdf.

26. Within the U.S. more than 200,000 American children alone are at high risk of trafficking in to the sex industry each year. See "Human Trafficking." Polaris Project. Accessed February 2009, http://www.polarisproject.org/content/view/26/47/.

27. Leidholdt, Dorchen A. " ‘Successfully Prosecuting Sex Traffickers’ – Testimony before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, United States." From the Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 110 Congress. Coalition Against Trafficking in Women. 1 Nov. 2007. Accessed October 2008, http://action.web.ca/home/catw/readingroom.shtml?x=113289.

28. Orloff, Leslye E. and Rachel Little, "Somewhere to Turn: Making Domestic Violence Services Accessible to Battered Immigrant Women", 1999. Washington, DC: Ayuda Inc.

29. "Maze of Injustice: The failure to protect Indigenous women from sexual violence in the USA.", 2006, Amnesty International. Accessed February 2009), http://www.amnestyusa.org/women/maze/report.pdf.

30. "Dimming the Beacon of Freedom: U.S. Violations of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights." A Shadow Report by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). June 2006. p. 108

31. The number of women who are put in prison for minor drug offenses has grown more than the rate of men, and between ‘86 and ‘99, the number of women put in prison for such crimes increased by 888%. See "Caught in the Net: The Impact of Drug Policies on Women and Families", 2005, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Accessed February 2009, www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/final-caught-in-the-net-report.pdf.

32. "Violence Against Women: A Fact Sheet." Amnesty International. Accessed February 2009, http://www.amnestyusa.org/violence-against-women/violence-against-women---a-fact-sheet/page.do?id=1108440.

33. "Report on Women’s Human Rights in the United States Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)", July 2006, United Nations Human Rights Committee, 22.

34. A Platform for Progress: Building a Better Future for Women and Their Families: Guaranteeing Equal Rights, National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), Accessed February, 2009, http://www.nwlc.org/details.cfm?id=3321&section=infocenter.

35. "New Opportunities for Military Women: Effects on Readiness, Cohesion, and Morale", RAND Corporation, Accessed February 2009, http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR896/MR896.sum.pdf.

36. "Sex-Based Discrimination," 2008, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Accessed February 2009, http://www.eeoc.gov/types/sex.html.

37. "The Gender Wage Gap", 2007, Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR). Accessed February 2009, www.iwpr.org/pdf/C350.pdf.

38. A Platform for Progress: Building a Better Future for Women and Their Families: Supporting Women in the Workforce, National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), Accessed February 2009, http://www.nwlc.org/details.cfm?id=3317&section=infocenter.

39. Schwarz, Joel, "Europe, Canada ahead of U.S. in creating family-friendly policies, say authors", April 6, 2004, University of Washington News, Accessed February 2009, http://uwnews.org/article.asp?articleid=3956

40. "Losing Ground: An Overview of Poverty, Income and Health Insurance Trends Among Women, 2000-2005", National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), Accessed February 2009, http://www.nwlc.org/pdf/IncomePoverty3.pdf.

41. The number of women earning science and engineering undergraduate degrees has decreased from 50% in 2000 to 22% in 2005. One reason for the decrease in female students may be the absence of of role models and mentors - women hold only 3%-15% of full professor positions in the sciences and engineering. See Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering", May 2008, National Science Foundation (NSF), Accessed February 2009, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.

42. "Report on Women’s Human Rights in the United States Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)", July 2006, United Nations Human Rights Committee, 39.

43. "Education and Title IX," 2008, National Organization for Women (NOW), accessed February 2009, http://www.now.org/issues/title_ix44. "Hostile Hallways: The AAUW survey on sexual harassment in America’s schools", 2002, American Association of University Women (AAUW), Accessed February 2009, http://www.aauw.org/research/hostile.cfm.

45. "Drawing the Line: Sexual Harassment on Campus", 2006, The American Association of University Women (AAUW), Accessed February 2009, http://www.aauw.org/research/dtl.cfm.

46. Graves, Fatima Goss, "Restoring Effective Protections for Students Against Sexual Harassment in Schools: Moving Beyond the Gebser and Davis Standards", 2008, American Constitution Society for Law and Policy, Accessed February 2009, http://www.acslaw.org/files/Goss%20Graves%20--%20%20Moving%20Beyond%20Gebser%20and%20Davis%20Final.pdf.

47. Patchias, Elizabeth M. and Judy Waxman. "Women and Health Coverage: The Affordability Gap", April 2007, The Commonwealth Fund, Accessed February 2009, www.nwlc.org/pdf/NWLCCommonwealthHealthInsuranceIssueBrief2007.pdf.

48. "Nowhere to Turn: How the Individual Health Insurance Market Fails Women", 2008, National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), Accessed February 2009, http://action.nwlc.org/site/DocServer/NowhereToTurn.pdf?docID=601.

49. "Nowhere to Turn: How the Individual Health Insurance Market Fails Women", 2008, National Women’s Law Center (NWLC), Accessed February 2009, http://action.nwlc.org/site/DocServer/NowhereToTurn.pdf?docID=601.

50. "Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Update", 2009, National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Accessed February 2009, http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/brescerv.htm.

51. "Women’s Health Care in the United States: Selected Findings from the 2004 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports", Agency for Healthcare Research Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed February 2009, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqrwomen/nhqrwomen.htm#ref9.

52. "Hunger and Homelessness Survey: A Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness in America’s Cities: A 23-City Survey." December 2007, United States Conference of Mayors, Accessed February 2009, http://www.usmayors.org/HHSurvey2007/hhsurvey07.pdf.

53. "Housing Discrimination and Domestic Violence", American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Women’s Rights Project, Accessed February 2009, http://www.aclu.org/images/asset_upload_file790_24325.pdf.

54. "Dimming the Beacon of Freedom: U.S. Violations of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights", June 2006, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Accessed February 2009, http://www.aclu.org/intlhumanrights/gen/25924pub20060620.html.

55. The National Domestic Violence Census found that in one 24 hour period in 2007, 4,676 requests for shelter and housing went unmet due to a lack of resources. See "2008 Advocates’ Guide to Housing & Community Development Policy," National Low Income Housing Coalition (NLIHC), 2008, Accessed February 2009, http://www.nlihc.org/doc/AdvocacyGuide2008-web.pdf.

56. Gomez, Mayra and Bret Thiele. "Housing Rights Are Human Rights." Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE), 2005, Accessed October 2008, http://www.cohre.org/usa#contents.

57. Jeannette Rankin was elected to the U.S. House in 1916. See "Jeannette Rankin", United States Senate, Accessed February 2009, http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Jeannette_Rankin.htm.

58. "Women in the U.S. Congress 2009," Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers State University, Accessed February 2009, http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/documents/cong.pdf.

59. Paxton, Pamela Marie and Melanie M. Hughes. "Introduction to Women in Politics," in Women, Politics, and Power: A Global Perspective (Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press). 3.