The U.S. Constitution guarantees certain rights for all people in the U.S., without distinction of any kind, including sex. These rights include freedom of speech and association, equal protection under the law, the right to due process, and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment. The 19th Amendment specifically addresses women’s suffrage, granting citizens the right to vote regardless of sex. The U.S. is also bound by international treaties such as the ICCPR and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), both of which grant human rights to all people, including women. The U.S. has not ratified CEDAW, the most detailed international agreement which seeks the advancement of women. The U.S. is the only industrialized country that has not ratified the treaty.